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00:17Hey! I'm Jacob Barnett, are you guys excited?
Olá! Sou o Jacob Barnett, estão entusiasmados?
00:26So, first thing you guys need to know:
A primeira coisa que têm de saber:
00:30suppose you guys are all doing your homework.
suponham que estão todos a fazer o TPC.
00:31OK, you know, it's something you have to do;
É algo que têm de fazer;
00:33and, you're doing great on your homework,
e estão a fazê-lo muito bem,
00:39Benjamins and all this great stuff.
Ganham muito dinheiro e todas essas grandes coisas.
00:49In order to succeed
Para se ter sucesso
00:53OK, what does that mean?
O que significa isso?
00:56That means that, when you think,
Significa que, quando pensam,
00:58you must think in your own creative way,
devem pensar do vosso modo criativo,
01:01not accepting everything that's already out there.
não aceitando tudo o que já existe lá fora.
01:14art or history or music, or whatever.
a arte ou a história ou a música, ou seja o que for.
01:21So, for example,
Então, por exemplo,
01:22that's 32 and the rotations represent:
isto é 32 e as rotações representam:
01:29My main reason of coming out here
A minha principal razão para vir aqui
01:32is to do some quantum mechanics, OK?
é para fazer alguma mecânica quântica, Ok?
01:34So, today, what we're gonna do is,
Hoje, o que vamos fazer é,
01:36we're gonna do the Schrödinger equation,
vamos fazer a equação de Schrödinger,
01:38split it into time independent components,
dividi-la em componentes temporais independentes,
01:41and we're gonna solve it for
e vamos resolvê-la para
01:46So, let's get to work!
Vamos lá trabalhar!
01:53I'm gonna split them into two rows.
Vou dividi-las em duas filas.
01:54So, if I can have some people come up and get these?
Se alguém puder subir e vir buscá-las?
01:56No, wait. Before you come up here
Não esperem. Antes de subirem aqui
01:58I need to let you know about something very quickly.
preciso de dizer-vos algo muito rápido.
02:01OK, just stay there. I'm kidding!
Ok, fiquem aí. Estou no gozo!
02:06I didn't -- (Applause)
Eu não... (Aplausos)
02:20So, let's think about something simpler.
Vamos pensar sobre algo mais simples.
02:21How many of you here have heard about circles?
Quantos de vocês ouviram falar de círculos?
02:27So, why are circles important?
Porque é que os círculos são importantes?
02:28They are the shape of cookies.
Têm a forma de bolachas.
02:31They are the shape of skateboard wheels,
Têm a forma de rodas de pranchas de skate,
02:33and most importantly,
e o mais importante,
02:40So, what do we know from school about circles?
O que aprendemos na escola sobre círculos?
02:42We know Pi r2, we know they're round.
Sabemos que Pi r2, sabemos que são redondos.
02:45Do we know anything else?
Sabemos mais alguma coisa?
02:55It's called Johnson's Theorem.
Chama-se Teorema de Johnson.
02:56It's not really a theorem, it's just, you know,
Não é mesmo um teorema, é só, sabem,
02:58a way mathematicians can think of stuff.
uma forma dos matemáticos poderem pensar nas coisas.
03:00So, what Johnson said was,
O que Johnson disse foi:
03:01"You take three circles,
"Pegamos em três círculos,
03:07where I call each of the circles blue;
onde eu chamo azul a cada um dos círculos;
03:09so there's six lines coming in one point.
então há seis linhas atingindo um ponto.
03:16Interesting.
Interessante.
03:18So, this isn't just Pi r2, This is something new.
Isto não é apenas Pi r2. Isto é algo novo.
03:22So because Johnson didn't just think:
Porque Johnson não pensou apenas:
03:24"Oh, it's gotta be Pi r2 and round, that's it,"
"Tem de ser só Pi r2 e redondo e é só,"
03:26he created math.
ele criou matemática.
03:28And he did it in his own unique perspective way.
E fê-lo na sua perspetiva única.
03:49or whatever he might have done.
ou qualquer coisa que ele tenha feito.
04:04So, Isaac Newton, he didn't have a way to learn.
Issac Newton não tinha forma de aprender.
04:16but he didn't want to stop thinking.
mas não queria parar de pensar.
04:24And specifically I think he wanted to calculate
Especificamente penso que ele queria calcular
04:26the motion of the Moon around the Earth,
o movimento da lua à volta da Terra,
04:49So, I guess that was really good for us,
Penso que foi mesmo bom para nós,
05:10he could have had a 4.0 GPA,
podia ter tido a nota máxima,
05:12he could have been on the dean's list,
podia ter estado na lista do reitor,
05:14he could have had his professors proud;
podia ter tido o orgulho do seu professor;
05:15but he wouldn't have created anything
mas não teria criado nada
05:17if he didn't stop learning.
se não tivesse parado de aprender.
05:20Newton needed to start thinking,
Newton precisava de começar a pensar,
05:24in order to create his theory.
para criar a sua teoria.
05:29So, now let me formally introduce myself
Deixem que me introduza formalmente
05:31because I did not do that at the beginning of the talk.
porque não o fiz no início da palestra.
05:44that it seemed I wasn't thinking at all.
que parecia que não pensava de todo.
06:00So, because of that, you know,
Por causa disso, sabem,
06:02people thought I would never learn
as pessoas pensaram que nunca aprenderia
06:13OK, they might have had a point, you know,
Ok, eles talvez tivessem razão aí, sabem,
06:15I'm wearing sandals.
estou a usar sandálias.
06:17So -- (Laughter)
Então... (Risos)
06:19You know, but however, at that age,
Vocês sabem, no entanto, com aquela idade,
06:44but, you know, what they did was, because I --
mas, sabem, o que fizeram foi, porque eu...
06:46they took me to special Ed.,
...puseram-me na Educação Especial,
06:48which is extremely special
que é extremamente especial
06:50in the fact that it didn't educate me.
porque, de facto, não me ensinavam nada.
06:59because I didn't have a way to learn, you know,
porque não tinha modo de aprender, sabem,
07:01I was just in special Ed.
estava só na Educação Especial.
07:03So what they would do is --
O que eles faziam era...
07:06So, I wasn't able to learn anything at all.
Então, eu não conseguia aprender fosse o que fosse.
07:13and sort of the way of all of these shadows,
e na forma de todas estas sombras,
07:19because I had to stop learning,
porque tive de parar de aprender.
07:20I believe that's why I do what I do today.
Eu acredito que é por isso que hoje faço o que faço.
07:24OK, so let me continue about gravity.
Ok, então deixem-me continuar sobre a gravidade.
07:32So let me continue.
Deixem-me continuar.
07:35Now, what happened was,
Bem, o que aconteceu foi que,
07:38about a couple of centuries later,
alguns séculos mais tarde,
07:49or as scientists like to say "an ellipse."
ou, como os cientistas gostam de dizer, "uma elipse".
08:18to forget everything they knew!
que esquecesse tudo o que sabia.
08:21And you know, recreate this.
E vocês sabem, recriar isto.
08:25That man's name was Albert Einstein.
O nome desse homem era Albert Einstein.
08:28Albert Einstein, what he would -- he was also --
Albert Einstein, o que ele - ele também era -
08:34He was Jewish and it was pre-Nazi Germany,
Ele era judeu e a Alemanha era pré-Nazi,
08:40He had to work at a patent office;
Teve de trabalhar num escritório de registo de patentes;
08:59and so, what he had done was,
e então, o que ele fez foi,
09:01he liked to have these thought experiments
ele gostava de fazer experiências em pensamento
09:05So what Einstein thought was,
Então o que o Einstein pensou foi,
09:14and the fact that physicists
e no facto dos físicos
09:15that's usually a couple more than they have.
não conseguirem ter mais do que um par de amigos.
09:28and you know, they were probably playing some,
e eles estavam provavelmente a jogar algum,
09:30I don't know, tennis or something.
sei lá, ténis ou assim.
09:33So, however, you know, they are physicists,
Contudo, sabem, eles são físicos,
09:35they don't have very good hand to eye coordination,
não têm muito boa coordenação mão-olho,
09:37so they probably didn't, you know,
pelo que, provavelmente, sabem,
09:41and Einstein looked at this and said,
e o Einstein olhou para isto e disse:
09:42"Without friction, this is gravity!"
"Sem fricção, isto é gravidade!"
09:45He realized, "This is just gravity."
Ele apercebeu-se de que "Isto é só gravidade."
09:48So, afterwards, he predicted the motion
Então, depois, ele previu o movimento
09:50which is gonna end up like that crazy thing;
que vai acabar naquela coisa maluca;
09:57So, Einstein had solved the problem
Einstein resolveu o problema
10:03in his own unique way.
da sua forma única.
10:04He stopped learning, and he started thinking,
Ele parou de aprender, e começou a pensar,
10:06and he started creating.
e começou a criar.
10:09So now let me get back on the story, you know,
Deixem-me voltar à história, sabem,
10:11I wasn't really looking too good,
As coisas não estavam a correr bem comigo,
10:13so I just kind of brush it over there.
pelo que eu comecei a recolher-me.
10:16So, about three years ago, I --
Então, há cerca de três anos atrás, eu
10:23so, I decided, in order to sit in the back of this,
então, eu decidi que, para a frequentar,
10:25I am going to learn: algebra, trigonometry,
ia aprender: álgebra, trigonometria,
10:28all this other middle school stuff,
e todas essas coisas do 3.º Ciclo,
10:29all the high school math,
toda a matemática do Secundário,
10:33so I could sit in the back of this class.
para que pudesse frequentar esta disciplina.
10:36I was ten.
Tinha dez anos.
10:42So, also at that time, proving this,
Então, também nesta altura, ao conseguir isto,
10:45I got accepted into the University;
fui aceite na universidade;
10:47and yet again I was still ten.
e de novo, eu tinha apenas dez anos.
10:58So, I had to go to this entrance interview,
Então, eu tive de ir a esta entrevista inicial,
11:04I dropped them all over the guy's office;
deixei-as cair pelo escritório do homem;
11:05making him think I had no common sense
fazendo-o pensar que eu não tinha senso comum
11:07and he pretty much held me back for a semester.
e ele, basicamente, atrasou-me um semestre.
11:14OK, what did I do?
Ok, o que é que fiz?
11:24I started thinking about shapes!
Comecei a pensar em formas!
11:35which I still kind of am.
e em que ainda estou.
11:37Now, what I did was,
Bem, o que fiz foi,
11:40I started thinking about this problem,
comecei a pensar sobre este problema,
11:42and after a while I had solved it.
e ao fim de algum um tempo, consegui resolvê-lo.
11:45So, I have solved this problem in astrophysics,
Então, resolvi este problema em astrofísica,
11:47which basically is similar to,
que era basicamente parecido com,
11:51I am not going to tell you the exact problem
Não vos vou falar sobre o problema exato
11:53due to the fact that I have not published it, yet.
devido ao facto de ainda não o ter publicado.
12:00for those who read scientific papers.
aqueles que lerem artigos científicos.
12:04I thought about all these problems and you know,
Pensei sobre todos estes problemas e sabem,
12:12it filled them up really quickly.
gastei-as muito depressa.
12:20so then I moved on to my parents' windows.
Então passei para as janelas dos meus pais.
12:35so, because of that,
então, por causa disso,
12:38after about a month or so,
depois de um mês ou assim,
12:46you know, I didn't want to end up like Newton;
sabem, eu não queria acabar como o Newton;
12:48I did not want to, you know,
eu não queria, sabem,
12:52So, what I did was, I was going on the windows,
Então, o que eu fiz foi, ia às janelas,
12:59After that, my parents,
Depois disso, os meus pais,
13:00you know, they figured I should be on the park,
sabem, pensaram que eu devia estar no parque,
13:02so they called some guy up at Princeton,
então telefonaram a alguém de Princeton,
13:11so, I'm not going to the park.
então, não fui para o parque.
13:14(Laughter) (Applause)
(Risos) (Aplausos)
13:26Then because I had to stop learning,
Por causa de ter parado de aprender,
13:27I started thinking and I solved the problem.
comecei a pensar e resolvi o problema.
13:32After that I decided to create a calculus video
Depois disso, decidi criar um vídeo de cálculo
13:35for other people who wanted to still do calculus;
para pessoas que ainda queriam fazer cálculos;
13:38the three others out there, and,
os outros três que andam por aí, e
13:41so that way they could also learn.
para que eles também pudessem aprender.
13:43OK, so, I made this calculus video,
Ok, fiz este vídeo de cálculo,
13:55and they put me on the front page of some newspaper
e puseram-me na primeira página de um jornal
13:57and as you can see from this picture,
e como podem ver nesta imagem,
14:27I can't read it. (Audience) Chinese
Não consigo ler. (Audiência): "Chinês."
14:31OK, it's Chinese, OK, good to know.
Ok, é chinês, é bom saber.
14:54so that was a fun experience.
por isso, foi uma experiência muito divertida.
15:22Now, let's sort of recap what we've done.
Vamos recapitular o que fizemos.
15:26Have Einstein, and Johnson,
Temos o Einstein, e o Johnson,
15:28and Newton, and everyone I talked about,
e o Newton, e todos os que falamos,
15:30are they really geniuses?
são eles realmente génios?
15:32Is that really what has made them so special?
É realmente isso que os tornou tão especiais?
15:33Is that really why they did all their work?
É realmente por isso que eles trabalharam?
15:36Absolutely not! They, no!
Claro que não! Eles não!
15:38That's not why! (Laughter)
Não foi por isso! (Risos)
15:41OK, so, what happened was, all they did was,
Ok, o que se passou foi, tudo o que fizeram foi,
15:44they made the transition from learning,
fizeram a transição de aprender,
15:46to thinking; to creating,
para pensar; para pensar,
15:55but, as some of you may know,
mas, como alguns de vós devem saber,
16:10Like, I mean, I am wearing Phi right now.
Tipo, eu estou a usar o Pi agora mesmo.
16:17So, in conclusion,
Concluindo,
16:18I am not supposed to be here at all,
não é suposto eu estar aqui de todo,
16:20you know, I was told that I wouldn't talk.
sabem, disseram-me que eu nunca iria falar na vida.
16:24(Laughter) (Cheers) (Applause)
(Risos) (Apupos) (Aplausos)
16:41I am here today;
estou aqui hoje;
16:59for the next 24 hours don't learn anything!
nas próximas 24 horas não aprendam nada!
17:09(Audience) Yes!
(Audiência) Sim!
17:13However, what I'd like you to do is,
Contudo, o que gostaria que fizessem,
17:16I'd like you to go into some field,
gostava que entrassem num campo,
17:20I've been talking to you for 11 minutes.
estive a falar-vos durante 11 minutos.
17:25But, you guys have some passion and all out there
Mas vocês têm alguma paixão por aí
17:27and you all know what it is.
e sabem qual é.
17:29So, I want you to think about that field
Então, quero que pensem sobre esse campo
17:31instead of learning in that field;
em vez de aprender sobre esse campo;
17:33and instead of being a student of that field,
e em vez de serem estudantes nessa área,
17:36be the field!
sejam a área!
17:38Whether it's music or architecture,
Quer seja música ou arquitetura,
17:40or science or whatever;
ou ciência ou o que seja;
17:42and I want you to think about that field
e quero que pensem sobre esse campo
17:44and, who knows, maybe you can create something.
e, quem sabe, talvez possam criar algo.
17:48Thank you very much. I'm Jacob Barnett.
Muito obrigado. Sou o Jacob Barnett.
Jacob Barnett is an American mathematician and child prodigy. At 8 years old, Jacob began sneaking into the back of college lectures at IUPUI. After being diagnosed with autism since the age of two and placed in his school's special ed. program, Jacob's teachers and doctors were astonished to learn he was able to teach calculus to college students.
At age nine, while playing with shapes, Jacob built a series of mathematical models that expanded Einstein's field of relativity. A professor at Princeton reviewed his work and confirmed that it was groundbreaking and could someday result in a Nobel Prize. At age 10, Jacob was formally accepted to the University as a full-time college student and went straight into a paid research position in the field of condensed matter physics. For his original work in this field, Jacob set a record, becoming the world's youngest astrophysics researcher. His paper was subsequently accepted for publication by Physical Review A, a scientific journal shared on sites such as NASA, the Smithsonian, and Harvard's webpage. Jacob's work aims to help improve the way light travels in technology.
Jacob is also CEO and founder of Wheel LLC, a business he started in his mom's garage, and is in the process of writing a book to help end "math phobia" in his generation.
Jacob's favorite pastime is playing basketball with the kids at his charity, Jacob's Place. It is a place where kids with autism are inspired every day to be their true authentic selves...just like Jacob.
At age nine, while playing with shapes, Jacob built a series of mathematical models that expanded Einstein's field of relativity. A professor at Princeton reviewed his work and confirmed that it was groundbreaking and could someday result in a Nobel Prize. At age 10, Jacob was formally accepted to the University as a full-time college student and went straight into a paid research position in the field of condensed matter physics. For his original work in this field, Jacob set a record, becoming the world's youngest astrophysics researcher. His paper was subsequently accepted for publication by Physical Review A, a scientific journal shared on sites such as NASA, the Smithsonian, and Harvard's webpage. Jacob's work aims to help improve the way light travels in technology.
Jacob is also CEO and founder of Wheel LLC, a business he started in his mom's garage, and is in the process of writing a book to help end "math phobia" in his generation.
Jacob's favorite pastime is playing basketball with the kids at his charity, Jacob's Place. It is a place where kids with autism are inspired every day to be their true authentic selves...just like Jacob.
